Strategies for Identifying, Mitigating, and Addressing Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Issues in High-Frequency and Power Electronic Applications

Abstract

Electromagnetic compatibility in high-frequency and power electronic applications is shaped by interacting physical mechanisms, design choices, and regulatory constraints that must be reconciled to ensure reliable operation. Modern converters, radio front-ends, motor drives, and mixed-signal boards increasingly operate with shrinking geometries and faster edges, which intensify parasitics and elevate radiated and conducted emissions. The presence of dense interconnects, heterogeneous dielectrics, switching devices with rapid transition times, and modular packaging introduces coupling paths that can degrade signal integrity, inflate loss, and trigger functional anomalies. In practice, benign choices during early design may later manifest as unexpected emissions peaks or susceptibility notches under environmental variation, tolerance spread, or aging. This paper surveys and integrates strategies for identifying, mitigating, and addressing electromagnetic compatibility issues, emphasizing modeling-informed decisions, measurement-driven iteration, and robust design practices suitable for industrial constraints. The discussion spans source–path–victim reasoning, field–circuit co-modeling, power-stage modulation tactics, layout and interconnect decisions, filtering and shielding, and data-driven diagnostics. Emphasis is placed on reconciling conflicting goals such as efficiency, thermal headroom, cost, and manufacturability while maintaining stable electromagnetic behavior across production variance and use conditions. Practical pathways are articulated to connect early predictive analysis with bench verification, with attention to reproducibility and uncertainty management. The overall aim is to outline methods that enable designers to anticipate electromagnetic risks, to tune countermeasures with adequate safety margins, and to converge on configurations that remain compatible over the operational envelope without undue complexity.